Academicia Review-A Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Academicia Review-A Multidisciplinary Online Journal is an international, open access, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing knowledge across multiple disciplines. We publish high-quality research articles, review papers, and scholarly communications that contribute to academic excellence and address global challenges. Our mission is to support accessible, ethical, and transparent scholarly communication. Academicia Review is an international, open access, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing knowledge across multiple disciplines. We publish high-quality research articles, review papers, and scholarly communications that contribute to academic excellence and address global challenges. Our mission is to support accessible, ethical, and transparent scholarly communication. Discipline Coverage Natural Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Environmental Science) Engineering & Technology Health & Life Sciences Social Sciences & Humanities Education, Law, Management & Economics Interdisciplinary & Emerging Research ISSN (E): 3070-6726 ResearchBib: 9.865 Index Copernicus
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Early Diagnosis of Brain Herniation in Brain Tumors
Brain displacement (herniation) is one of the most dangerous complications of central nervous system tumors and often determines disease severity and outcome. Early diagnosis of brain displacement allows timely modification of treatment strategies and prevention of lifethreatening conditions. This article provides a systematic analysis of clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological signs of early brain displacement in patients with brain tumors of various localizations. Mechanisms of intracranial hypertension, types of brain displacement, and their diagnostic features are discussed. The importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach using clinical assessment, MRI, CT, and intracranial pressure monitoring is emphasized
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Neurological Complications of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Modern Approaches to Their Surgical Correction
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a genetically determined neurocutaneous disorder characterized by significant clinical variability and a high incidence of neurological complications. This study aimed to analyze the spectrum of neurological disorders associated with NF1 and to evaluate outcomes of surgical treatment for tumors affecting the peripheral and central nervous systems. A total of 112 patients aged 14–62 years underwent comprehensive evaluation. Spinal and spinal cord tumors were identified in 58% of cases, while clinically significant neural compression occurred in 16%. Surgical treatment was performed in 38 patients with symptomatic disease. Postoperative neurological improvement was achieved in 71% of cases. These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention in progressive NF1-related neurological complications
Clinical and Neurological Manifestations of Cerebral Arachnoiditis
Arachnoiditis is an inflammatory disorder of the arachnoid membrane of the brain that may lead to leptomeningeal adhesions, disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and focal neurological deficits. This article reviews etiology and pathogenesis, with emphasis on clinico-neurological manifestations — headache, meningeal signs, cranial nerve palsies, seizures, cognitive and behavioral changes, and signs secondary to CSF circulation impairment. Modern diagnostic approaches (contrast MRI, CT myelography, CSF analysis), differential diagnosis and treatment principles (from conservative antiinflammatory and rehabilitative care to neurosurgical options) are discussed
cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorders
Brain Abscesses: Clinical And Neurological Manifestations
Brain abscess is a focal intracerebral infection of the central nervous system that requires prompt diagnosis and comprehensive medical management. This review analyzes the epidemiology and pathogenesis of brain abscess, clinical and neurological manifestations, modern neuroimaging and laboratory diagnostic methods, as well as principles of differential diagnosis and therapeutic strategies including antibiotic therapy and neurosurgical interventions. Particular attention is given to the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging and diffusionweighted imaging
Shortenings And Abbreviations In Contemporary English
This article explores shortenings and abbreviations in contemporary English and their role in modern communication. The study examines common types of shortenings such as acronyms, clippings, and contractions used in everyday speech, media, and digital communication. The research is based on descriptive analysis of examples from online and written sources. The findings show that abbreviations help make communication faster and more convenient, especially in the digital age. The article concludes that shortenings have become an important feature of modern English and reflect ongoing language change
Improving Speaking Skills Of Primary School Learners Through Interactive Group Discussions
This article explores the effectiveness of interactive group discussions in improving primary school learners’ speaking skills in English. The study highlights how communicative activities enhance learners’ fluency, confidence, and classroom participation. The findings suggest that group interaction creates a supportive learning environment and significantly improves learners’ oral communication abilities
The Role Of Robotic Technologies In Reducing Psychological Stress In Sapper Operations
This article analyzes the psychological stress factors and pressure observed in sapper operations. It is scientifically substantiated that the application of modern robotic technologies and remotely controlled devices in explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) practice can significantly reduce the psychological burden on military personnel. In addition, the article examines mechanisms for minimizing life-threatening risks through robotic systems, optimizing decisionmaking processes, and reducing mental fatigue. The research findings confirm the necessity of widely introducing technological solutions as a psychological protection factor in sapper training
The Role And Importance Of Combat Training Exercises Simulating Real Combat Situations In Enhancing The Fighting Spirit Of Military Personnel
The present study examines the critical role of combat training exercises simulating real-life battlefield conditions in strengthening the fighting spirit, psychological readiness, and overall combat effectiveness of military servicemen. Drawing on contemporary military pedagogy and empirical research, the article analyzes how realistic training environments replicate the physical, psychological, and tactical demands of actual combat, thereby reducing fear, increasing confidence, and developing cohesive unit performance. The study argues that exercises designed to approximate genuine combat stress - including live-fire drills, night operations, urban warfare simulations, and stress inoculation training - produce measurable improvements in individual soldier resilience and collective military readiness. The article also reviews legislative and doctrinal foundations governing military training in Uzbekistan and highlights international best practices. The findings suggest that investment in high-fidelity training scenarios directly correlates with superior battlefield outcomes, lower casualty rates, and a stronger will to fight among armed forces personnel.
Trends In The Formation Of Legal Consciousness And Legal Culture In The Individual
This article examines the contemporary trends in the formation of legal consciousness and legal culture in the individual, with particular reference to the transformations occurring in Uzbekistan during the period of democratic reforms and rule-of-law state building. Drawing on legislative data, sociological surveys, and comparative legal analysis, the study identifies five principal trends: the gradual transition from a nihilistic to a constructive legal worldview; the integration of digital technologies into legal education and awareness campaigns; the growing role of civil society institutions in cultivating legal values; the alignment of national legal culture with international human rights standards; and the reinforcement of legal culture through military-patriotic education among young people. The article argues that sustainable legal culture cannot be built through legislation alone but requires a systematic, multiinstitutional approach involving family, school, military service, and civil society. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on legal socialisation in postSoviet transitional states and offer practical recommendations for policymakers and educators.
Psychological Operations In Foreign Armies: Features And Comparative Analysis
This article investigates the distinctive features of psychological operations (PSYOP) in the armed forces of the United States of America, France, the People's Republic of China, and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Drawing on open-source doctrinal documents, academic research, and comparative military studies, the article analyses organisational structures, strategic objectives, methodological approaches, and technological capabilities that define each country's psychological warfare posture. The study reveals that, although all four nations share the overarching goal of influencing the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviour of target audiences, their doctrines, institutional frameworks, and cultural underpinnings differ substantially. The findings are relevant for Uzbekistan's ongoing modernisation of its defence sector and for researchers engaged in the comparative study of military psychology
Social Networks and Spiritual-Moral Education of Youth
This article discusses the role of social networks in modern society and their positive and negative impact on the spiritual and moral education of young people. It also analyzes the importance of proper internet use, the formation of spiritual immunity among youth, and the role of parents and teachers in the educational process
Artificial Intelligence In Green Economy Management: International Experience And National Perspectives
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important factor in promoting green economic development and sustainable environmental management. AI technologies contribute to improving energy efficiency, optimizing resource consumption, reducing environmental pollution, and enhancing decision-making processes. This article examines the role of artificial intelligence in green economy management, analyzes international experience in the application of AI technologies, and evaluates national perspectives for their implementation in Uzbekistan. The study also discusses major challenges, including technological limitations, insufficient infrastructure, and the shortage of qualified specialists. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence can significantly support sustainable development and increase the environmental and economic efficiency of modern economies.
Microcirculatory Status In Patients With PostThrombophlebitis Disease Of The Lower Extremities
In diseases of the veins of the lower extremities, they entail secondary changes in the lymphatic system of various severity and volume. 86 patients with post-thrombophlebitic disease of the lower extremities were examined. In order to determine the state of microcircu lation, transcapillary diffusion along the veno-venous gradient was studied. In order to study the resorption and transport capabilities of the lymphatic system, the method of indirect lymphoscintigraphy was used. The level and monitoring of oxygen tension in the tissue were studied. In patients with postthrombophlebitic diseases , a dysfunction of lymphatic drainage was revealed, there are pronounced disorders of microhemo- and lymphocirculation in the affected limb. In patients with post-thrombophlebitic diseases it is necessary to correct not only venous insufficiency but also lymphatic drainage in the complex treatment of this category of patients.
Issues Of Preparation For Inclusive Education In The Process Of Independent Learning
This article examines the theoretical and practical dimensions of preparing pre-service teachers to work in inclusive educational settings, with particular emphasis on the role and significance of independent learning in this preparation process. The study investigates students' levels of readiness for inclusive education, their existing professional competencies, and their independent learning skills. The article analyzes the essence of the concept of inclusive education, its implementation within the educational system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the pedagogical conditions necessary for preparing pre-service teachers to perform effectively in inclusive environments through independent learning. The findings of the research demonstrate that independent learning constitutes an effective means of forming inclusive competencies in preservice teachers, fostering their professional autonomy, reflective thinking, and creative approach to pedagogical practice. The article proposes a comprehensive program for preparing pre-service teachers for inclusive education
The Rediscovery Of The Image Of Central Asia In Western Orientalism: The Case Of Frederik Starr
This article analyzes the scholarly activity of American historian and orientalist S. Frederik Starr on Central Asia and its significance within the Western academic community. Drawing on Starr's work Lost Enlightenment and other studies, the author examines the process of rediscovering the cultural, historical, and civilizational image of Central Asia in Western orientalism. The article evaluates Starr's methodological approach, his contribution to Uzbek and Central Asian studies, and the role of these investigations in contemporary international academic discourse. The research employs comparative-historical analysis, textual analysis, and hermeneutic approaches. The findings aim to establish methodological foundations for the mutual enrichment of Uzbek and Western academic traditions.
Digital Transformation of the Turkic Space: Key Outcomes of the OTS Informal Summit
On May 15, the informal summit of the Council of Heads of State of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) was held in Turkistan. In terms of its thematic focus, this summit occupies a unique place among previous meetings, as it marked the first time that technology and artificial intelligence were placed at the very center of the high-level agenda. Following the meeting, three key documents were signed: the Turkistan Declaration of the OTS, the Decision on Strengthening the Institutional and Digital Capacity of the Organization’s Secretariat, and the Decision on the Appointment of a Deputy Secretary General of the OTS
Didactic Foundations Of Using Innovative Pedagogical Technologies In Physics Lessons
This article highlights the didactic foundations of using innovative pedagogical technologies in teaching physics, as well as the importance of modern educational methods and interactive approaches in developing students’ knowledge, skills, and competencies. Furthermore, the effectiveness of information and communication technologies, multimedia tools, the STEAM approach, distance learning, and problem-based learning methods in organizing physics lessons is analyzed. The article demonstrates the opportunities for developing students’ independent thinking, creative approach, and practical activities through innovative pedagogical technologies. It also broadly discusses the methodological aspects of effectively organizing physics lessons based on the didactic principles of modern education
Eastern Motifs In Western Writers’ Works
This article investigates the representation of Eastern motifs in Western literary works through the theoretical framework of Orientalism by Edward Said. The study analyzes how Western writers employed Eastern themes, symbols, philosophies, and cultural images in their literary creations from the Romantic period to Modernism. The works of Lord Byron, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and T. S. Eliot are examined as major examples of Eastern influence in Western literature. The article applies comparative, descriptive, and analytical methods to evaluate both artistic and ideological dimensions of Oriental representation. The findings demonstrate that Eastern motifs enriched Western literature aesthetically and philosophically while simultaneously reflecting colonial stereotypes and cultural hierarchies. The research contributes to postcolonial literary studies and intercultural literary analysis.
Current Status Of Organization Of Finished Products Accounting At Regional Light Industry Enterprises
This article analyzes the current state of organization of finished products accounting at regional light industry enterprises from a scientific and practical perspective. It covers the role of light industry in the economy, the content of the concept of finished products in accounting, the current regulatory and legal framework, accounting for the acceptance, storage, registration and sale of finished products in the warehouse. Also, existing problems related to document circulation, inventory, calculation, account registers, digitization and automation at regional enterprises are analyzed and scientifically based proposals are presented for their elimination
Right Diet and Healthy Lifestyle: Importance in Modern Medicine
This article extensively covers the impact of proper nutrition on the human body, the principles of rational nutrition, the biological significance of nutrients, the consequences of poor nutrition, and its role in shaping a healthy lifestyle. Furthermore, from the perspective of modern dietetics and preventive medicine, the impact of nutrition on metabolic processes was analyzed based on scientific literature
Analysis of foreign technologies in cotton raw material drying
This article analyzes the importance of foreign technologies in the cotton raw material drying process, their energy efficiency, level of automation, and influence on drying quality. Modern drying technologies used in the United States, Turkey, China, and European countries were studied, and the prospects for their application in the cotton industry of Uzbekistan were considered. According to the research results, foreign resource-saving drying equipment makes it possible to preserve cotton fiber quality, reduce energy consumption, and increase production efficiency
Advantages Of Teaching Progressions Using Artificial Intelligence
This article is devoted to improving the process of teaching mathematical progressions through the use of artificial intelligence technologies. The study examines the essence of artificial intelligence, its role in the education system, and its integration with modern digital technologies. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of innovative approaches aimed at increasing the effectiveness of students’ learning outcomes. The main part of the article analyzes effective methods of using artificial intelligence tools in teaching arithmetic and geometric progressions. In particular, it explores the capabilities of adaptive learning platforms that take into account students’ individual characteristics, knowledge levels, and learning pace. It also highlights the possibilities of automating problem-solving processes, detecting and analyzing errors, and providing personalized recommendations
The Life And Military Campaigns Of Jaloliddin Manguberdi
This article analyzes the military activities of Jaloliddin Manguberdi and his struggle against the Mongol invasion based on historical sources. The study provides a comparative analysis of works by medieval authors such as Shihab al-Din an-Nasawi, Ata-Malik Juvayni, Ibn al-Athir, and Rashid al-Din Fazlullah, as well as modern historical approaches. It also examines Jaloliddin Manguberdi’s military campaigns in the territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Georgia, and India, his strategic and tactical skills, and issues of army command and organization
Anatomical Relationship Between The Roots Of Upper Jaw Teeth And The Maxillary Sinus
The proximity of the roots of the maxillary posterior teeth to the floor of the maxillary sinus (sinus maxillaris) represents one of the most clinically significant anatomical relationships in dentistry and oral surgery. This article provides a comprehensive review of the anatomical variations in the relationship between the roots of the upper premolar and molar teeth and the maxillary sinus. The study synthesises findings from anatomical dissection studies, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, and panoramic radiographic analyses to characterise the degree of proximity, the prevalence of root protrusion into the sinus, and the relevant clinical consequences. Evidence indicates that the roots of the maxillary first and second molars most frequently exhibit the closest relationship to the sinus floor, with the palatal root of the first molar demonstrating the highest rate of direct sinus floor contact or protrusion. A thorough understanding of these anatomical relationships is indispensable for the prevention of oroantral communications, the management of periapical infections of odontogenic origin, and the safe planning of dental implant placement in the posterior maxilla
Dental Implants: Chemical Composition, Current Limitations, And Modern Solutions
Dental implants are widely used to address tooth loss. Their chemical composition mainly consists of titanium alloys and ceramic materials such as zirconia. The main disadvantages include corrosion, allergic reactions, mechanical fractures, and biocompatibility issues. Modern solutions involve nanostructured coatings, surface modification, zirconia-based implants, and 3D bioprinting technologies.
The Impact of the Energy Crisis on the Economies of Central Asian Countries: The Case of Kazakhstan, 2019–2024
This article analyzes the impact of the 2022–2023 energy crisis on the economies of Central Asian countries, with particular focus on Kazakhstan over the period 2019–2024. The study is based on an assessment of global energy price dynamics and key macroeconomic indicators characterizing economic security. The paper employs descriptive and comparative macroeconomic analysis, distinguishing the pre-crisis period, the peak stages of the crisis, and the adaptation phase. Using data from the World Bank and the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the main changes in economic growth rates, inflation levels, and exchange rate fluctuations are identified. The results demonstrate that the energy crisis exerted a dual impact, combining increased export revenues with significant domestic macroeconomic risks. General conclusions are drawn regarding the nature of the energy crisis’s effect on the economies of Central Asian countries.
The Institute of Precautionary Measures in Criminal Procedure Law and Guarantees of Individual Rights in the Application of Precautionary Measures: Experience of Uzbekistan and Italy
This article analyzes the institution of preventive measures in criminal proceedings from both legal and practical perspectives. It highlights the role of preventive measures in the conduct of criminal justice and their importance in maintaining a balance between individual freedom and public security. A comparative analysis is conducted between the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the “Codice di procedura penale” of the Italian Republic. The study examines the types of preventive measures, their legal grounds, and procedural safeguards, identifying similarities and differences between the two legal systems. Special attention is given to electronic monitoring systems, house arrest, and victim protection mechanisms. The article concludes with proposals for improving the criminal procedural legislation of Uzbekistan
Debt collection under a loan agreement substantive grounds, procedural forms and current development trends
This article comprehensively examines the substantive and procedural issues of debt collection under a loan agreement. It explains the legal nature of a loan agreement and analyzes the debt structure, including the principal debt, contractual interest, late payment interest, penalties, and related creditor expenses. It concludes that modern regulation of debt collection under loan agreements is evolving toward strengthening the principles of legal certainty, proportionality, good faith, and procedural detail.
Loan agreement, debt collection, principal debt, interest, penalties, statute of limitations, early loan collection, collateral, mortgage
Digital Evidence in Economic Litigation in the Republic of Uzbekistan A Comparative Legal Analysis with the Experience of Germany, the USA, China, Singapore, and Kazakhstan
This article provides a comprehensive comparative legal study of digital evidence in economic litigation in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It analyzes the experience of Germany, the United States, China, Singapore, and Kazakhstan. It identifies gaps and inconsistencies in current regulations and formulates proposals for improving Uzbek legislation.
The Impact Of Misrepresentation And Mistake On The Validity Of Contracts In Common Law: A Case Study Analysis
This article examines the impact of misrepresentation and mistake on contractual validity within the common law tradition. Through doctrinal analysis and case study methodology, the research explores how English common law distinguishes between these two vitiating factors, the elements required to establish each doctrine, and the remedies available to aggrieved parties. The article traces the evolution of misrepresentation from the stringent fraud standard in Derry v Peek (1889) to the statutory regime under the Misrepresentation Act 1967, which introduced damages for negligent misrepresentations. Concurrently, the analysis addresses the doctrine of common mistake, particularly the narrow test established in Bell v Lever Bros Ltd and the Court of Appeal's subsequent rejection of an equitable jurisdiction to render contracts voidable for common mistake in Great Peace Shipping Ltd v Tsavliris Salvage (International) Ltd (2002). The findings reveal a fundamental divergence: misrepresentation renders a contract voidable, focusing on the representor's conduct, whereas common mistake may render a contract void ab initio, focusing on the subject matter's essential identity. This distinction reflects broader common law commitments to contractual certainty and the allocation of risk.