Urban Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in European Cities: A Multidisciplinary Review
Keywords:
Urban climate adaptation, European cities, resilience, climate policy, sustainable urban developmentAbstract
European cities are increasingly exposed to climate-related risks such as heatwaves, flooding, and extreme weather events. Urban climate change adaptation has therefore become a critical policy and research priority across the continent. This paper provides a multidisciplinary review of climate adaptation strategies implemented in European cities, integrating perspectives from urban planning, environmental science, governance, and socio-economic resilience. Drawing on recent peer-reviewed literature published between 2024 and 2025, the study examines key adaptation approaches including green and blue infrastructure, policy frameworks, governance mechanisms, and emerging data-driven tools. The review highlights best practices, identifies persistent challenges, and emphasizes the importance of equity, institutional coordination, and evidence-based decision-making. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions and policy implications for advancing urban climate resilience in Europe.
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Copyright (c) 2025 DLukas Schneider (Author)
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