Prevention Of Tuberculosis In Modern Society: Epidemiological Dynamics And Strategic Approaches

Abstract

Early detection and prevention of tuberculosis pathogenesis remain paramount priorities within the global healthcare system. Despite the extensive implementation of Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course and standardized chemoprophylaxis over the past decade, the incidence rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection continue to exhibit upward trajectories. Within the framework of the research object, the epidemiological landscape of the Andijan region was systematically analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of early screening protocols and molecular-genetic diagnostic modalities in interrupting the circulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study cohort comprised 342 individuals identified as close biological or spatial contacts of patients with confirmed active pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnostic protocols integrated QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assays and automated nucleic acid amplification testing via the GeneXpert MTB/RIF system. Empirical and clinical data indicate that Interferon-Gamma Release Assays deployed within specific high-risk cohorts significantly amplify the precision of prophylactic interventions compared to traditional mass fluorographic surveillance. The diagnostic yield of targeted immunological screening proved mathematically superior, identifying micro-morphological parenchymal alterations and cellular immune responses that routine digital radiography failed to detect in 28.3% of individuals who subsequently developed early-stage active disease. Integrating targeted intervention strategies at the primary regional healthcare level drastically mitigates the risk of latent infection progression to active pulmonary disease